What process involves timing of data collection that can be either concurrent or sequential?

The process involving timing of data collection that can be either concurrent or sequential is best characterized by mixed methods research designs. In this type of research, both quantitative and qualitative data are collected, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of a research question. These data collection processes can occur simultaneously (concurrently) or in stages (sequentially), depending on the specific objectives of the study and how the researcher intends to integrate the findings from both paradigms.

The flexibility in timing is a key feature of mixed methods research, as it allows researchers to capitalize on the strengths of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. For example, a researcher might start with qualitative interviews to explore participants' experiences and then follow up with a quantitative survey to measure the prevalence of those experiences. Conversely, a researcher could first conduct a survey and then use qualitative interviews to gain deeper insights into the survey results.

This combination and flexibility in the timing of data collection provide researchers with a richer and more nuanced understanding of the research problem at hand, fostering a more robust evidence-informed practice.