What must be proven regarding the instruments used in a research study?

In the context of research studies, it is essential for the instruments used to collect data to be effective in measuring what they are intended to measure. This effectiveness relates to reliability and validity, both of which ensure that the instrument provides consistent results over time and accurately reflects the concepts or variables being studied. If an instrument does not work effectively, the data collected can lead to incorrect conclusions, undermining the trustworthiness and applicability of the research findings.

Selecting instruments solely based on convenience could compromise the quality of data, while reflecting researchers' biases can lead to skewed outcomes. Excluding instruments from the analysis is not relevant, as it fails to address the necessity for proper measurement tools in the first place. Therefore, proving that instruments work effectively is vital to the integrity of the research.