What does external validity refer to?

External validity refers to the degree to which the findings of a study can be generalized beyond the specific conditions or participants involved in that study. When external validity is strong, it means that the results are applicable to a wider population or different contexts, allowing researchers and practitioners to draw conclusions that extend beyond the study sample.

This concept is crucial because the ultimate goal of research is often not just to understand a particular sample or situation but to apply the findings more broadly. For instance, if a study on a new educational intervention shows significant positive outcomes among a specific group of students, external validity would assess whether those results can be expected in other schools, with different age groups, or in various community contexts.

In contrast, other concepts mentioned—such as the accuracy of measurements, the consistency of results, or the level of bias—relate to internal validity or methodological rigor rather than the broader applicability of study findings. Thus, understanding external validity is vital for ensuring that research can inform practice across different settings and populations effectively.