How does qualitative research commonly collect data?

Qualitative research commonly collects data through the purposeful selection of participants, which is a fundamental aspect of its methodology. This approach, often referred to as purposive sampling, involves selecting individuals who are particularly knowledgeable or have specific experiences related to the research topic. Such selection allows researchers to gain deeper insights and a more comprehensive understanding of complex issues, as participants can provide rich, detailed information that quantitative methods may not capture.

This method contrasts with the use of closed-ended questionnaires, which are typically associated with quantitative research and focus on collecting numerical data. Random sampling, while useful in quantitative studies for ensuring that results are generalizable to a larger population, does not align with the qualitative focus on depth and context. Observational techniques may be used in qualitative research, but they are not exclusive; interviews and focus groups, for example, are also prevalent means of data collection that highlight individuals' experiences and perspectives. Thus, the correct choice emphasizes the strategic selection of participants to enhance the richness and validity of the data gathered in qualitative studies.